See chưng on Wiktionary
{
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{
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"1": "",
"2": "b",
"3": "B"
},
"expansion": "B",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "n",
"3": "N"
},
"expansion": "N",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "zh",
"3": "張//",
"lit": "",
"pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">trương</i>",
"t": "to set out, to display",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 張 (“to set out, to display”, SV: trương)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "張",
"2": "to set out, to display",
"3": "trương",
"preMC": "y"
},
"expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 張 (“to set out, to display”, SV: trương)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trưng",
"3": "trương"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of trưng and trương",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 張 (“to set out, to display”, SV: trương). Doublet of trưng and trương.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
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"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "chưng",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chưng",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to show off, to sport"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-verb-t7XKtEP6",
"links": [
[
"show off",
"show off"
],
[
"sport",
"sport"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "chưng diện"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cɨŋ˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "chưng"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "蒸"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蒸",
"2": "steam"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 蒸 (“steam”)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 蒸 (“steam”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "chưng",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chưng",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 11 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 14 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 23 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 18 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 10 2 2 4 22 2 2 5 6 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Vietnamese words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chưng cất"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to distill"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-verb-sbtMP2V1",
"links": [
[
"distill",
"distill"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cɨŋ˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "chưng"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "𪽝蒸",
"english": "because",
"translation": "because",
"word": "bởi chưng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "蒸所",
"english": "the place where it...; what it...",
"translation": "the place where it...; what it...",
"word": "chưng thửa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "因蒸",
"english": "why; because",
"translation": "why; because",
"word": "nhân chưng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "於蒸",
"english": "at; in",
"translation": "at; in",
"word": "ở chưng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "爲蒸",
"english": "because",
"translation": "because",
"word": "vì chưng"
}
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_text": "In pre-modern writing of a more colloquial nature and original works, chưng was used as a preposition to indicate place and time. However, this particle/preposition was also a literary device widely used in translation of Chinese texts, as a \"stand-in\" of sort for such Chinese markers as 之 (zhī), 夫 (fú), etc. See Washizawa (2017) for more information.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "烝",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "蒸",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "徵",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"tr": "烝, 蒸, 徵, "
},
"expansion": "chưng • (烝, 蒸, 徵, )",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "烝, 蒸, 徵, "
},
"expansion": "chưng • (烝, 蒸, 徵, )",
"name": "vi-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thửa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bèn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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13,
14
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],
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[
119,
121
]
],
"english": "My mother in the south, her son in the north, both seeking survival.\nI suddenly was left alone, got lost, and ended up at this place.",
"ref": "late 17th - early 18th c. CE, 天南語籙外紀 [Thiên Nam ngữ lục ngoại kỷ, Peripheral Records of Excerpts from Thiên Nam], page 63b:",
"roman": "Thiên Nam ngữ lục ngoại kỷ",
"text": "媄南昆北求生\n碎俸蔑𠇮落典蒸低",
"translation": "My mother in the south, her son in the north, both seeking survival.\nI suddenly was left alone, got lost, and ended up at this place.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in; on; at"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-particle-0MfBpkMB",
"links": [
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) in; on; at"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
10
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
62,
69
]
],
"english": "It is said that: rivers are long and oceans are wide, this is because the stream is far-reaching and the source is deep.",
"ref": "1922, 阮堂家譜序 [Nguyễn Đường gia phả tự, Preface to the Nguyễn Đường Genealogy], page 2a:",
"roman": "Nguyễn Đường gia phả tự",
"text": "嘗𦖑：滝𨱽𣷭𢌌，𪽝蒸𤂬瀋源溇",
"translation": "It is said that: rivers are long and oceans are wide, this is because the stream is far-reaching and the source is deep.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"due to; because"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-particle-e18Kjgmi",
"links": [
[
"due to",
"due to"
],
[
"because",
"because"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) due to; because"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
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7,
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2,
3
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"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
26
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],
"english": "The bond (relationship) of father and son, where is it now?",
"raw_tags": [
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
"ref": " 《新編傳奇漫錄》",
"roman": "Phụ tử chi cương, hựu an tại tai?",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "父子之綱、又安在㢤。",
"translation": "The bond (relationship) of father and son, where is it now?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
26
]
],
"english": "The bond (relationship) of father and son, where is it now?",
"ref": "1763, “項王祠記 [Hạng vương từ ký, The Record at Xiang King's Temple]”, in 新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註 [Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú, Newly Edited Collection of Truyền kỳ mạn lục with Supplemented Annotations, Phonetic Explanations, and Collected Notes], volume 1 (in Vietnamese), page 13a:",
"roman": "Hạng vương từ ký",
"text": "蒸𦀚吒昆、吏於兠丕台。",
"translation": "The bond (relationship) of father and son, where is it now?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"of (belonging to)"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-particle-Mv5z~MLH",
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"of (belonging to)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "của"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
40,
42
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
52,
54
],
[
55,
57
],
[
59,
61
],
[
79,
81
]
],
"english": "Difficult to turn, difficult to return, constantly sinking in the sea of suffering.",
"raw_tags": [
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
"ref": " 《課虛録》",
"roman": "Nan chuyển nan hồi vãng vãng phiêu trầm vu khổ hải.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "難轉難廻徃徃漂沉于苦海",
"translation": "Difficult to turn, difficult to return, constantly sinking in the sea of suffering.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
63,
65
],
[
66,
68
],
[
87,
89
],
[
96,
98
],
[
99,
101
],
[
103,
105
],
[
123,
125
]
],
"english": "Difficult to turn back the body, difficult to return to the beginning, constantly drifting and sinking in the sea of suffering.",
"ref": "14th century, 太宗皇帝御製課虛録 [Thái Tông hoàng đế ngự chế khoá hư lục], upper volume (in Vietnamese), page 6a:",
"roman": "Thái Tông hoàng đế ngự chế khoá hư lục",
"text": "坤轉身坤𧗱頭，恒〱調𤐝溂蒸凖𣷭庫。",
"translation": "Difficult to turn back the body, difficult to return to the beginning, constantly drifting and sinking in the sea of suffering.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"in; at"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-particle-7zNAntL7",
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"in; at"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ở"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
9
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],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
11
],
[
137,
141
]
],
"english": "As for that [matter], [going up to] play in the celestial office, whether it exists or does not exist, why one must dispute deeply about that?",
"raw_tags": [
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
"ref": " 《新編傳奇漫錄》",
"roman": "Nhược phù thiên tào chi du, kỳ hữu kỳ vô, hà tất thâm biện?",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "若夫天曹之遊，其有其無，何必深辨。",
"translation": "As for that [matter], [going up to] play in the celestial office, whether it exists or does not exist, why one must dispute deeply about that?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "As for that [matter], [going up to] play in the celestial office, whether it exists or does not exist, why one must discuss this so deeply?",
"ref": "1763, “范子虛遊天曹錄 [Phạm Tử Hư du thiên tào lục, The Tale of Phạm Tử Hư Visiting Heaven]”, in 新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註 [Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú, Newly Edited Collection of Truyền kỳ mạn lục with Supplemented Annotations, Phonetic Explanations, and Collected Notes], volume 2 (in Vietnamese), page 78a:",
"roman": "Phạm Tử Hư du thiên tào lục",
"text": "朋烝制准天曹，所固所空，牢乙瀋盤泊。",
"translation": "As for that [matter], [going up to] play in the celestial office, whether it exists or does not exist, why one must discuss this so deeply?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"pronoun; that"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-particle-V7YtB-yQ",
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"pronoun; that"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Moreover, their government might be called an easily-growing rush.",
"ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Phù chính dã giả, bồ lô dã.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "夫政也者，蒲盧也。",
"translation": "Moreover, their government might be called an easily-growing rush.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Moreover, their government might be called an easily-growing rush.",
"ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Phù chính dã giả, bồ lô dã.",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "夫政也者，蒲卢也。",
"translation": "Moreover, their government might be called an easily-growing rush.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "Oh, that government indeed, [it] easily grows like the reeds.",
"ref": "1839, 四書約解中庸解國音義增補大全備旨 [Tứ thư ước giải Trung Dung giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ, Concise Explanations of the Four Books: Explanation of the Doctrine of the Mean in National Pronunciation with Meanings, Supplementary Additions, and a Complete Compilation of Essential Points], volume 2 (in Vietnamese), page 17a:",
"roman": "Tứ thư ước giải Trung Dung giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ",
"text": "蒸政意丕，易𢧚如𣘃蒲盧丕。",
"translation": "Oh, that government indeed, [it] easily grows like the reeds.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"sentence-initial particle"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-particle-zzusv0Wv",
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"sentence-initial particle"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In total, forty-one chapters.",
"ref": " 《論語》",
"roman": "Phàm tứ thập nhất chương.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "凡四十一章",
"translation": "In total, forty-one chapters.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"english": "In total, forty-one chapters.",
"ref": "1839, 四書約解論語解國音義增補大全備旨 [Tứ thư ước giải Luận ngữ giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ, Concise Explanations of the Four Books: Explanation of the Analects in National Pronunciation with Meanings, Supplementary Additions, and a Complete Compilation of Essential Points], volume 10 (in Vietnamese), page 1a:",
"roman": "Tứ thư ước giải Luận ngữ giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ",
"text": "蒸𦊚𨒒蔑章",
"translation": "In total, forty-one chapters.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"altogether"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-particle-FFVQ3frg",
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"altogether",
"altogether"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"altogether"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"english": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"ref": " 《孟子》",
"roman": "Phản cầu chư kỷ.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "反求諸己",
"translation": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
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2,
3
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],
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[
30,
34
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],
"english": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"ref": " 《孟子》",
"roman": "Phản cầu chư kỷ.",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "反求诸己",
"translation": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"english": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"ref": "1888, 明心寶鑑釋義 [Minh tâm bảo giám thích nghĩa, Explanation of the Mingxin baojian] (in Vietnamese), page 57a:",
"roman": "Minh tâm bảo giám thích nghĩa",
"text": "責吏烝𠇮",
"translation": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"onto, upon, into"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-particle-0Ft1xAC~",
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"onto",
"onto"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
],
[
"into",
"into"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"onto, upon, into"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "Secretly looking at what they were doing.",
"raw_tags": [
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
"ref": " 《新編傳奇漫錄》",
"roman": "Tiềm ký kỳ sở vi.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "潜覬其所為。",
"translation": "Secretly looking at what they were doing.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "Secretly looking at what they were doing.",
"ref": "1774, “東潮廢寺錄 [Đông Triều phế tự lục, The Tale of the Abandoned Pagoda in Đông Triều]”, in 新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註 [Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú, Newly Edited Collection of Truyền kỳ mạn lục with Supplemented Annotations, Phonetic Explanations, and Collected Notes], volume 3 (in Vietnamese), page 39b:",
"roman": "Đông Triều phế tự lục",
"text": "耨𥉰蒸所𫜵之。",
"translation": "Secretly looking at what they were doing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"weak demonstrative"
],
"id": "en-chưng-vi-particle-YAnOK5I9",
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"weak demonstrative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"tags": [
"demonstrative",
"obsolete",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cɨŋ˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "chưng"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese doublets",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "b",
"3": "B"
},
"expansion": "B",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "n",
"3": "N"
},
"expansion": "N",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "zh",
"3": "張//",
"lit": "",
"pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">trương</i>",
"t": "to set out, to display",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 張 (“to set out, to display”, SV: trương)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "張",
"2": "to set out, to display",
"3": "trương",
"preMC": "y"
},
"expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 張 (“to set out, to display”, SV: trương)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trưng",
"3": "trương"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of trưng and trương",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 張 (“to set out, to display”, SV: trương). Doublet of trưng and trương.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "chưng",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chưng",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "chưng diện"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to show off, to sport"
],
"links": [
[
"show off",
"show off"
],
[
"sport",
"sport"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cɨŋ˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "chưng"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chưng cất"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "蒸"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蒸",
"2": "steam"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 蒸 (“steam”)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 蒸 (“steam”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "chưng",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chưng",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to distill"
],
"links": [
[
"distill",
"distill"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cɨŋ˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "chưng"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "𪽝蒸",
"english": "because",
"translation": "because",
"word": "bởi chưng"
},
{
"alt": "蒸所",
"english": "the place where it...; what it...",
"translation": "the place where it...; what it...",
"word": "chưng thửa"
},
{
"alt": "因蒸",
"english": "why; because",
"translation": "why; because",
"word": "nhân chưng"
},
{
"alt": "於蒸",
"english": "at; in",
"translation": "at; in",
"word": "ở chưng"
},
{
"alt": "爲蒸",
"english": "because",
"translation": "because",
"word": "vì chưng"
}
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_text": "In pre-modern writing of a more colloquial nature and original works, chưng was used as a preposition to indicate place and time. However, this particle/preposition was also a literary device widely used in translation of Chinese texts, as a \"stand-in\" of sort for such Chinese markers as 之 (zhī), 夫 (fú), etc. See Washizawa (2017) for more information.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "烝",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "蒸",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "徵",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"tr": "烝, 蒸, 徵, "
},
"expansion": "chưng • (烝, 蒸, 徵, )",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "烝, 蒸, 徵, "
},
"expansion": "chưng • (烝, 蒸, 徵, )",
"name": "vi-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "thửa"
},
{
"word": "bèn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
119,
121
]
],
"english": "My mother in the south, her son in the north, both seeking survival.\nI suddenly was left alone, got lost, and ended up at this place.",
"ref": "late 17th - early 18th c. CE, 天南語籙外紀 [Thiên Nam ngữ lục ngoại kỷ, Peripheral Records of Excerpts from Thiên Nam], page 63b:",
"roman": "Thiên Nam ngữ lục ngoại kỷ",
"text": "媄南昆北求生\n碎俸蔑𠇮落典蒸低",
"translation": "My mother in the south, her son in the north, both seeking survival.\nI suddenly was left alone, got lost, and ended up at this place.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in; on; at"
],
"links": [
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) in; on; at"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
62,
69
]
],
"english": "It is said that: rivers are long and oceans are wide, this is because the stream is far-reaching and the source is deep.",
"ref": "1922, 阮堂家譜序 [Nguyễn Đường gia phả tự, Preface to the Nguyễn Đường Genealogy], page 2a:",
"roman": "Nguyễn Đường gia phả tự",
"text": "嘗𦖑：滝𨱽𣷭𢌌，𪽝蒸𤂬瀋源溇",
"translation": "It is said that: rivers are long and oceans are wide, this is because the stream is far-reaching and the source is deep.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"due to; because"
],
"links": [
[
"due to",
"due to"
],
[
"because",
"because"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) due to; because"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
26
]
],
"english": "The bond (relationship) of father and son, where is it now?",
"raw_tags": [
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
"ref": " 《新編傳奇漫錄》",
"roman": "Phụ tử chi cương, hựu an tại tai?",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "父子之綱、又安在㢤。",
"translation": "The bond (relationship) of father and son, where is it now?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
26
]
],
"english": "The bond (relationship) of father and son, where is it now?",
"ref": "1763, “項王祠記 [Hạng vương từ ký, The Record at Xiang King's Temple]”, in 新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註 [Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú, Newly Edited Collection of Truyền kỳ mạn lục with Supplemented Annotations, Phonetic Explanations, and Collected Notes], volume 1 (in Vietnamese), page 13a:",
"roman": "Hạng vương từ ký",
"text": "蒸𦀚吒昆、吏於兠丕台。",
"translation": "The bond (relationship) of father and son, where is it now?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"of (belonging to)"
],
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"of (belonging to)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "của"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
40,
42
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
52,
54
],
[
55,
57
],
[
59,
61
],
[
79,
81
]
],
"english": "Difficult to turn, difficult to return, constantly sinking in the sea of suffering.",
"raw_tags": [
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
"ref": " 《課虛録》",
"roman": "Nan chuyển nan hồi vãng vãng phiêu trầm vu khổ hải.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "難轉難廻徃徃漂沉于苦海",
"translation": "Difficult to turn, difficult to return, constantly sinking in the sea of suffering.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
63,
65
],
[
66,
68
],
[
87,
89
],
[
96,
98
],
[
99,
101
],
[
103,
105
],
[
123,
125
]
],
"english": "Difficult to turn back the body, difficult to return to the beginning, constantly drifting and sinking in the sea of suffering.",
"ref": "14th century, 太宗皇帝御製課虛録 [Thái Tông hoàng đế ngự chế khoá hư lục], upper volume (in Vietnamese), page 6a:",
"roman": "Thái Tông hoàng đế ngự chế khoá hư lục",
"text": "坤轉身坤𧗱頭，恒〱調𤐝溂蒸凖𣷭庫。",
"translation": "Difficult to turn back the body, difficult to return to the beginning, constantly drifting and sinking in the sea of suffering.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"in; at"
],
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"in; at"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ở"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
11
],
[
137,
141
]
],
"english": "As for that [matter], [going up to] play in the celestial office, whether it exists or does not exist, why one must dispute deeply about that?",
"raw_tags": [
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
"ref": " 《新編傳奇漫錄》",
"roman": "Nhược phù thiên tào chi du, kỳ hữu kỳ vô, hà tất thâm biện?",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "若夫天曹之遊，其有其無，何必深辨。",
"translation": "As for that [matter], [going up to] play in the celestial office, whether it exists or does not exist, why one must dispute deeply about that?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "As for that [matter], [going up to] play in the celestial office, whether it exists or does not exist, why one must discuss this so deeply?",
"ref": "1763, “范子虛遊天曹錄 [Phạm Tử Hư du thiên tào lục, The Tale of Phạm Tử Hư Visiting Heaven]”, in 新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註 [Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú, Newly Edited Collection of Truyền kỳ mạn lục with Supplemented Annotations, Phonetic Explanations, and Collected Notes], volume 2 (in Vietnamese), page 78a:",
"roman": "Phạm Tử Hư du thiên tào lục",
"text": "朋烝制准天曹，所固所空，牢乙瀋盤泊。",
"translation": "As for that [matter], [going up to] play in the celestial office, whether it exists or does not exist, why one must discuss this so deeply?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"pronoun; that"
],
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"pronoun; that"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Moreover, their government might be called an easily-growing rush.",
"ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Phù chính dã giả, bồ lô dã.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "夫政也者，蒲盧也。",
"translation": "Moreover, their government might be called an easily-growing rush.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Moreover, their government might be called an easily-growing rush.",
"ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Phù chính dã giả, bồ lô dã.",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "夫政也者，蒲卢也。",
"translation": "Moreover, their government might be called an easily-growing rush.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "Oh, that government indeed, [it] easily grows like the reeds.",
"ref": "1839, 四書約解中庸解國音義增補大全備旨 [Tứ thư ước giải Trung Dung giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ, Concise Explanations of the Four Books: Explanation of the Doctrine of the Mean in National Pronunciation with Meanings, Supplementary Additions, and a Complete Compilation of Essential Points], volume 2 (in Vietnamese), page 17a:",
"roman": "Tứ thư ước giải Trung Dung giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ",
"text": "蒸政意丕，易𢧚如𣘃蒲盧丕。",
"translation": "Oh, that government indeed, [it] easily grows like the reeds.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"sentence-initial particle"
],
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"sentence-initial particle"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In total, forty-one chapters.",
"ref": " 《論語》",
"roman": "Phàm tứ thập nhất chương.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "凡四十一章",
"translation": "In total, forty-one chapters.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"english": "In total, forty-one chapters.",
"ref": "1839, 四書約解論語解國音義增補大全備旨 [Tứ thư ước giải Luận ngữ giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ, Concise Explanations of the Four Books: Explanation of the Analects in National Pronunciation with Meanings, Supplementary Additions, and a Complete Compilation of Essential Points], volume 10 (in Vietnamese), page 1a:",
"roman": "Tứ thư ước giải Luận ngữ giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ",
"text": "蒸𦊚𨒒蔑章",
"translation": "In total, forty-one chapters.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"altogether"
],
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"altogether",
"altogether"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"altogether"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"english": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"ref": " 《孟子》",
"roman": "Phản cầu chư kỷ.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "反求諸己",
"translation": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"english": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"ref": " 《孟子》",
"roman": "Phản cầu chư kỷ.",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "反求诸己",
"translation": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"english": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"ref": "1888, 明心寶鑑釋義 [Minh tâm bảo giám thích nghĩa, Explanation of the Mingxin baojian] (in Vietnamese), page 57a:",
"roman": "Minh tâm bảo giám thích nghĩa",
"text": "責吏烝𠇮",
"translation": "Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"onto, upon, into"
],
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"onto",
"onto"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
],
[
"into",
"into"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"onto, upon, into"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "Secretly looking at what they were doing.",
"raw_tags": [
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
"ref": " 《新編傳奇漫錄》",
"roman": "Tiềm ký kỳ sở vi.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "潜覬其所為。",
"translation": "Secretly looking at what they were doing.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "Secretly looking at what they were doing.",
"ref": "1774, “東潮廢寺錄 [Đông Triều phế tự lục, The Tale of the Abandoned Pagoda in Đông Triều]”, in 新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註 [Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú, Newly Edited Collection of Truyền kỳ mạn lục with Supplemented Annotations, Phonetic Explanations, and Collected Notes], volume 3 (in Vietnamese), page 39b:",
"roman": "Đông Triều phế tự lục",
"text": "耨𥉰蒸所𫜵之。",
"translation": "Secretly looking at what they were doing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"weak demonstrative"
],
"links": [
[
"夫",
"夫#Chinese"
],
[
"凡",
"凡#Chinese"
],
[
"其",
"其#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
],
[
"諸",
"諸#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"於",
"於#Chinese"
],
[
"之",
"之#Chinese"
],
[
"于",
"于#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 夫, 凡, 其, 之, 於/于, or 諸 (contracted from 之於/之于)",
"weak demonstrative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in translations of Chinese texts"
],
"tags": [
"demonstrative",
"obsolete",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cɨŋ˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "chưng"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chưng meaning in All languages combined (21.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: ",
"path": [
"chưng"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "chưng",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.